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IRIX Base Documentation 1998 November
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IRIX 6.5.2 Base Documentation November 1998.img
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catman
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sed.z
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sed
Wrap
Text File
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1998-10-20
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12KB
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265 lines
SSSSEEEEDDDD((((1111)))) SSSSEEEEDDDD((((1111))))
NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
sed - stream editor
SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
sssseeeedddd [----nnnn] script [file ...]
sssseeeedddd [----nnnn] [----eeee script]... [----ffff script_file]... [file ...]
DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
_s_e_d copies the named _f_i_l_e_s (standard input default) to the standard
output, edited according to a script of commands. The ----eeee option causes
the script to be take from the _s_c_r_i_p_t option argument. The ----ffff option
causes the script to be taken from file _s_c_r_i_p_t__f_i_l_e. The scripts from
the ----eeee and ----ffff options accumulate. If there is just one ----eeee option and no
----ffff options, the flag ----eeee may be omitted. The ----nnnn option suppresses the
default output.
_s_e_d has two operating modes. By default, _s_e_d operates compatibly with
certain earlier versions of System V _s_e_d. If the environment variable
____XXXXPPPPGGGG is defined, and has a numeric value greater than 0, _s_e_d operates in
conformance with the X/Open XPG4 specifications. In the backward
compatibility mode, when ----nnnn is not specified and the """"pppp"""" option to the
""""ssss"""" command is used, the pattern space will be output only once, no
matter how many substitutions are made. Also, the format of the output
of the """"llll"""" command will differ in some details from the XPG4 format.
Note that the null string is a part of the solutions when _XPG numerical
value > 0. i.e., sed -e 's/b*/a/' will insert "a" at the beginning of any
input as "b*" would match an empty string. To substitute the first non-
empty string consisting of one or more letter b's with "a", then it
should be: sed -e 's/bb*/a/'
A script consists of editing commands, one per line, of the following
form:
[ address [ , address ] ] function [ arguments ]
Zero or more blank characters are accepted before the first address and
before command.
Each input _f_i_l_e is a text file to be edited. The _f_i_l_e_s are read in the
order given.
In normal operation, _s_e_d cyclically copies a line of input into a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
_s_p_a_c_e (unless there is something left after a DDDD command), applies in
sequence all commands whose _a_d_d_r_e_s_s_e_s select that pattern space, and at
the end of the script copies the pattern space to the standard output
(except when ----nnnn is specified) and deletes the pattern space. Whenever
the pattern space is written to standard output or a named file, sed will
immediately follow it with a newline character.
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
SSSSEEEEDDDD((((1111)))) SSSSEEEEDDDD((((1111))))
Some of the commands use a _h_o_l_d _s_p_a_c_e to save all or part of the _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
_s_p_a_c_e for subsequent retrieval. The _h_o_l_d and _p_a_t_t_e_r_n _s_p_a_c_e_s each hold at
least 8192 bytes.
An _a_d_d_r_e_s_s is either a decimal number that counts input lines
cumulatively across files, a $$$$ that addresses the last line of input, or
a context address, i.e., a ////_r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n//// in the style of _e_d(1)
modified thus:
In a context address, the construction \\\\?_r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n?, where
? is any character, is identical to ////_r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n////.
Note that in the context address \\\\xxxxaaaabbbbcccc\\\\xxxxddddeeeeffffxxxx, the second xxxx
stands for itself, so that the regular expression is aaaabbbbccccxxxxddddeeeeffff.
The escape sequence \\\\nnnn matches a new-line _e_m_b_e_d_d_e_d in the pattern
space.
A period .... matches any character except the _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l new-line of the
pattern space.
A command line with no addresses selects every pattern space.
A command line with one address selects each pattern space that
matches the address.
A command line with two addresses selects the inclusive range from
the first pattern space that matches the first address through
the next pattern space that matches the second. (If the second
address is a number less than or equal to the line number first
selected, only one line is selected.) Thereafter the process
is repeated, looking again for the first address.
\\\\<<<< and \\\\>>>> are not currently supported.
Editing commands can be applied only to non-selected pattern spaces by
use of the negation function !!!! (below).
In the following list of functions the maximum number of permissible
addresses for each function is indicated in parentheses.
The _t_e_x_t argument consists of one or more lines, all but the last of
which end with \\\\ to hide the new-line. Backslashes in text are treated
like backslashes in the replacement string of an ssss command, and may be
used to protect initial blanks and tabs against the stripping that is
done on every script line. The _r_f_i_l_e or _w_f_i_l_e argument must terminate
the command line and must be preceded by exactly one blank. Each _w_f_i_l_e
is created before processing begins. There can be at most 10 distinct
_w_f_i_l_e arguments.
(1)aaaa\\\\
_t_e_x_t Append. Place _t_e_x_t on the output before reading the next input
line.
(2)bbbb _l_a_b_e_l
Branch to the :::: command bearing the _l_a_b_e_l. If _l_a_b_e_l is empty,
branch to the end of the script.
(2)cccc\\\\
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
SSSSEEEEDDDD((((1111)))) SSSSEEEEDDDD((((1111))))
_t_e_x_t Change. Delete the pattern space. With 0 or 1 address or at
the end of a 2-address range, place _t_e_x_t on the output. Start
the next cycle.
(2)dddd Delete the pattern space. Start the next cycle.
(2)DDDD Delete the initial segment of the pattern space through the
first new-line. Start the next cycle.
(2)gggg Replace the contents of the pattern space by the contents of
the hold space.
(2)GGGG Append the contents of the hold space to the pattern space.
(2)hhhh Replace the contents of the hold space by the contents of the
pattern space.
(2)HHHH Append the contents of the pattern space to the hold space.
(1)iiii\\\\
_t_e_x_t Insert. Place _t_e_x_t on the standard output.
(2)llll List the pattern space on the standard output in an unambiguous
form. Non-printable characters are displayed in octal notation
and long lines are folded.
(2)nnnn Copy the pattern space to the standard output. Replace the
pattern space with the next line of input.
(2)NNNN Append the next line of input to the pattern space with an
embedded new-line. (The current line number changes.)
(2)pppp Print. Copy the pattern space to the standard output.
(2)PPPP Copy the initial segment of the pattern space through the first
new-line to the standard output.
(1)qqqq Quit. Branch to the end of the script. Do not start a new
cycle.
(2)rrrr _r_f_i_l_e
Read the contents of _r_f_i_l_e. Place them on the output before
reading the next input line.
(2)ssss/_r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n/_r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t/_f_l_a_g_s
Substitute the _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t string for instances of the _r_e_g_u_l_a_r
_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n in the pattern space. Any character may be used
instead of ////. For a fuller description see _e_d(1). _F_l_a_g_s is
zero or more of:
nnnn n= 1 - 512. Substitute for just the n th occurrence
of the _r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n.
gggg Global. Substitute for all nonoverlapping instances
of the _r_e_g_u_l_a_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n rather than just the first
one.
pppp Print the pattern space if a replacement was made.
wwww _w_f_i_l_e Write. Append the pattern space to _w_f_i_l_e if a
replacement was made.
(2)tttt _l_a_b_e_l
Test. Branch to the :::: command bearing the _l_a_b_e_l if any
substitutions have been made since the most recent reading of
an input line or execution of a tttt. If _l_a_b_e_l is empty, branch
to the end of the script.
(2)wwww _w_f_i_l_e
Write. Append the pattern space to _w_f_i_l_e.
(2)xxxx Exchange the contents of the pattern and hold spaces.
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
SSSSEEEEDDDD((((1111)))) SSSSEEEEDDDD((((1111))))
(2)yyyy/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/
Transform. Replace all occurrences of characters in _s_t_r_i_n_g_1
with the corresponding character in _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. The lengths of
_s_t_r_i_n_g_1 and _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 must be equal.
(2)!!!! _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n
Don't. Apply the _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n (or group, if _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is {{{{) only to
lines _n_o_t selected by the address(es).
(0):::: _l_a_b_e_l
This command does nothing; it bears a _l_a_b_e_l for bbbb and tttt
commands to branch to.
(1)==== Place the current line number on the standard output as a line.
(2){{{{ Execute the following commands through a matching }}}} only when
the pattern space is selected.
(0) An empty command is ignored.
(0)#### If a #### appears as the first character on a line of a script
file, then that entire line is treated as a comment, with one
exception. If the character after the #### is an 'n', then the
default output will be suppressed. The rest of the line after
####n is also ignored. A script file must contain at least one
non-comment line.
SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
awk(1), ed(1), grep(1), regcomp(5).
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444